Saturday, March 16, 2024

Our Solar System Dwarf Planets

How Close Is Jupiter To Earth Right Now

Dwarf Planet Facts!

Jupiter Distance from Earth The distance of Jupiter from Earth is currently 631,658,319 kilometers, equivalent to 4.222375 Astronomical Units. Light takes 35 minutes and 6.9854 seconds to travel from Jupiter and arrive to us. The following chart shows the distance of Jupiter from Earth as a function of time.

Dwarf Planets Plutoids And The Solar System Today

The IAU Resolution means that the Solar System officially consists of eight planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. A new distinct class of objects called dwarf planets was also decided on. It was agreed that planets and dwarf planets are two distinct classes of objects. The first members of the dwarf planet category are Ceres, Pluto and Eris, formerly known as 2003 UB313. Eris was named after the IAU General Assembly in 2006 Eris is the Greek god of discord and strife, a name which the discoverer Mike Brown found fitting in the light of the academic commotion that followed its discovery.

The dwarf planet Pluto is recognised as an important prototype of a new class of Trans-Neptunian Objects. The IAU has given a new denomination for these objects: plutoids.

Today the resolution remains in place and is a testament to the fluid nature of science and how our view of the Universe continues to evolve with changes made by observations, measurements and theory.

The History Of Dwarf Planets

A dwarf planet is a celestial body that almost meets the definition of a true planet. According to the IAU, which sets definitions for planetary science, a planet must:

  • Have enough mass to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium and assume a nearly round shape.
  • Dominate its orbit and not share it with other objects.
  • Dwarf planets, along with not being moons or satellites, fail to clear the neighborhoods around their orbits. This is the primary reason why Pluto lost its status: because it shares part of its orbit with the Kuiper belt, a dense region of icy space bodies.

    Based on this definition, the IAU has recognized five dwarf planets: Pluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea, and Ceres. There are four more planetary objects*, namely Orcus, Sedna, Gonggong and Quaoar, that the majority of the scientific community recognize as dwarf planets.

    Six more could be recognized in the coming years, and as many as 200 or more are hypothesized to exist in the Outer Solar System in the aforementioned Kuiper belt.

    Ceres is the earliest known and smallest of the current category of dwarf planets. Previously classified as an asteroid in 1801, it was confirmed to be a dwarf planet in 2006. Ceres lies between Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt, and it is the only dwarf planet that orbits closest to Earth.

    Here is a brief introduction to the most recognized dwarf planets:

    Name

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    The First Dwarf Planets

    The first dwarf planets discovered were often considered to be planets. Although Pluto is the most popular dwarf planet in our solar system, it was not the first to be discovered. The first dwarf planet discovered was Ceres, which was first observed in 1801. Ceres orbits in what we now know to be the Asteroid Belt, located between the orbits of and Jupiter. When Ceres was first discovered, astronomers believed they had found a new planet. After the discovery of Ceres, astronomers began discovering a number of other objects between Mars and Jupiter, all of which were initially assumed to be planets. However, by the 1850s, the number of planets in the solar system grew to 23. Since more and more objects were being discovered, astronomers decided to re-classify many of these objects as asteroids, and that included Ceres.

    What initially ignited the debate about what it means to be a planet was the discovery of a dwarf planet called Eris, in 2005. Like Pluto, Eris orbits the sun in the far outer regions of the solar system, in an area known as the Kuiper Belt. When Eris was discovered, astronomers realized it was slightly larger than Pluto, yet it was not widely considered to be a planet. If Eris, which is larger than Pluto, was not considered a planet, it called into question whether or not Pluto should be a planet.

    Is Earth A Dwarf Planet

    Back Alley Astronomy: Four Fabulous Dwarfs

    That means that according to the definition of the International Astronomical Union, the Earth cannot technically be considered as a planet and that it is, in fact, a dwarf-planet. … There were seven earth sized objects discovered in orbit around an ultracool dwarf star forty light years away using this method.

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    Dwarf Planets For Kids

    Dwarf planets are beautiful celestial objects. They are smaller than planets and even moons, but they can have moons of their own, just like Pluto, who has Charon.

    The differences between planets and dwarf planets are not yet fully underlined. Pluto was considered for 75 years a planet until similar celestial objects were discovered.

    There Are More Dwarf Planets In Our Solar System Than You Know

    Monday, April 4 2022 by Vahe Peroomian via The Conversation

    The word planet came from the ancient Greek words that mean wandering star. That makes sense, because for thousands of years, people have watched planets change position in the night sky unlike stars, which appear fixed and unmoving to the naked eye.

    Thats how the ancients discovered five of the planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Astronomers using telescopes found Uranus in 1781, Neptune in 1846, and Pluto in 1930.

    Artists impression of the dwarf planet Eris. ESO/L.Calçada and Nick Risinger

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    Most Likely Dwarf Planets

    The trans-Neptunian objects in the following tables, except Salacia, are agreed by Brown, Tancredi et al. and Grundy et al. to be probable dwarf planets, or close to it. Salacia has been included as the largest TNO not generally agreed to be a dwarf planet and a borderline body by many criteria. Charon, a moon of Pluto that was proposed as a dwarf planet by the IAU in 2006, is included for comparison. Those objects that have absolute magnitude greater than +1, and so meet the threshold of the joint planetâminor planet naming committee of the IAU, are highlighted, as is Ceres, which the IAU has assumed is a dwarf planet since they first debated the concept.

    Orbital attributes

    Pluto Helps Us Understand Neptunes Orbit

    Meet the 5 Dwarf Planets!

    Pluto is in a 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune. This resonance means that when Pluto makes two trips around the Sun, Neptune makes three. This is a cycle that takes about 495 years to unfold.

    Pluto and Neptune follow stable paths and never collide, even though Pluto sometimes crosses the orbital path of Neptune. According to Renu Malhotra, a planetary scientist, this resonance could mean that these two bodies may have formed closer to the Sun before. When the gas giants migrated, Neptune perturbed Pluto and they eventually ended up in resonance with each other.

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    Dwarf Planets Vs Planets

    Here in this article, we have mentioned what is the definition of dwarf planets vs planets. This definition is given according to the International Astronomical Union .

    According to IAU, the planet is a celestial body that:

  • orbit around the sun,
  • has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium shape ,
  • has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
  • According to IAU, the dwarf planet is a celestial body that:

  • orbit around the sun,
  • has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium shape ,
  • has not cleared the neighborhood around its orbit,
  • is not a satellite.
  • So there is only one difference in-between a planet and a dwarf planet, that a dwarf planet has some neighborhood objects in its orbit. These neighborhood objects may be some asteroids, debris, and smaller bodies.

    Planets are comparatively large and massive, so they have enough gravitational force to clear the neighborhood object. Whereas a Dwarf Planet lacks mass and so unable to clear the smaller neighborhood objects.

    Dwarf Planets In The Solar System

    Since the discovery of Ceres, the number of dwarf planets in the solar system has grown. However, there is actually no agreed upon definition of what a dwarf planet is, and so the number of dwarf planets varies depending on who you ask. When the International Astronomical Union defined what a planet is, there were ten objects that were reclassified as dwarf planets. That included Ceres, Pluto, and Eris, along with seven others. If we consider objects similar in size to these objects to be dwarf planets, the number of known dwarf planets in the solar system grows to 120. Although it is now easy to identify whether an object is a planet or not, there is no defined distinction between dwarf planets and spherical asteroids. Thus, there is no defined number of dwarf planets in our solar system, and depending on who you ask, the numbers range from as low as five to as high as 120.

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    What Is Dwarf Planet

    Dwarf planets share many of the same characteristics as planets though there is one significant difference. The International Astronomical Unions definition of a dwarf planet is:

    A dwarf planet is a celestial body that

  • is in orbit around the Sun,
  • has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium shape,
  • has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit, and
  • is not a satellite.
  • The key difference is that a planet has cleared other objects in the area of its orbit while a dwarf planet has not.

    What Are Dwarf Planets

    Dwarf Planets

    Dwarf planets are celestial objects that:

    • are roughly spherical
    • often have many other large bodies such as comets, asteroids, or other dwarf planets near them

    As their name suggests, the main difference between a dwarf planet and a planet is size. Because they are smaller, dwarf planets lack the gravitational forces needed to pull in and accumulate all of the material found in their orbits. Each known dwarf planet in our solar system is actually smaller than Earth’s Moon!

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    Exploratory Missions And New Planets On The Horizon

    With newer technology rapidly available to the scientific community and new exploratory missions getting more data and information about trans-Neptunian objects, our understanding of dwarf planets will increase.

    Nestled in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, the asteroid Hygiea remains a controversy. Hygiea is the fourth largest object in the asteroid belt behind Ceres, Vesta, and Pallas and ticks all the boxes necessary to be classified as a dwarf planet.

    So whats holding back Hygieas confirmation as a dwarf planet? The criterion for being massive enough to form a spherical shape is in contention it remains unclear if its roundness results from collision/impact disruption or its mass/gravity.

    Along with Hygiea, other exciting dwarf planets could be soon discovered. Here is a quick rundown of some serious contenders:

    120347 Salacia

    Discovered in 2004, it is a trans-Neptunian object in the Kuiper belt, approximately 850 kilometers in diameter. As of 2018, it is located about 44.8astronomical units from the Sun. Salacias status is in contention because its planetary density is arguable. It is uncertain if it can exist in hydrostatic equilibrium.

    2002 MS4

    With an estimated diameter of 934±47 kilometers, 2002 MS4 is comparable in size to Ceres. Researchers need more data to determine whether 2002 MS4 is a dwarf planet or not.

    2002 AW197
    174567 Varda
    2013 FY27
    2003 AZ84

    Pluto Reclassified As A Dwarf Planet

    The enormity of the impact of this distinction between a planet and a dwarf planet had an immediate victimPluto.

    Pluto was considered the ninth planet in the Solar System from its discovery in 1930 until 2006. With the new definition set by the IAU, it was stripped of that position and became a dwarf planet.

    The main reason that relegated Pluto to dwarf planet status is that its orbit is riddled with other celestial objects that crisscross its path around the Sun. These objects include other celestial objects in the region outside the planet Neptune known as the Kuiper Belt.

    Pluto and Eris, another dwarf planet, are actually part of the Kuiper Belt. In fact, the orbital paths of Eris and Pluto cross each other. In comparison, the orbits of the remaining eight planets do not contain other celestial bodies, and they never cross each others path.

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    Ceres Will Help Us Understand Icy Ocean Moons

    Kuiper belt dwarf planets arent the only thing keeping scientists busy. Dawn mission scientists recently discovered that regions of Ceres contain higher concentrations of carbonate minerals than anywhere outside of the Earths ocean floor. These minerals reveal that Ceres is like a fossilized ocean world, Raymond explained. They could be the remnants of a vast ocean that once existed on the dwarf planet.

    In Ceress geologically young Occator crater, scientists figured out that mysterious bright patches come from sodium carbonate, a highly reflective mineral found in hydrothermal environments under Earths oceans. This means that at some point in Ceress history, hydrothermal processes must have pushed this material to the surface, Raymond said.

    If hydrothermal processes are confirmed, Ceress surface may be analogous to the current seafloors underneath the solar systems ice-covered moons. Astrobiologists yearn to peek below the icy shells of Jupiters and Saturns moons Europa and Enceladus because there are vast oceans underneath, and life needs water to proliferate.

    Ceres is similar to these moons because 25% of the dwarf planet is water ice. Plus, its seafloor-type conditions are where all of the elements necessary for habitability occur together, Raymond said.

    What Planets Will Align In 2020

    Dwarf Planet Song | Space Explained by KLT!

    Bottom line: Jupiter and Saturn will have their 2020 great conjunction today, which is also the day of the December solstice. These two worlds will be visibly closer in our sky than they’ve been since 1226. At their closest, Jupiter and Saturn will be only 0.1 degree apart. Charts and info in this post.

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    Dwarf Planets Hold Clues About The Early Solar System

    A close visit to Ceres in the asteroid belt revealed something about the past. Ammonia was discovered on its surface, however, this material is not abundant in the asteroid belt.

    This tells us that Ceres may have formed in the outer solar system. It may have reached its current position after the migration of the gas giants pushed it inward. Another theory is that ammonia may have made its way into the inner system.

    Unlike Ceres, the other dwarf planets have their own moons. These moons likely formed during the Late Heavy Bombardment when there were lots of collisions around. The giant planet migration likely caused this, sending celestial objects all over as they moved.

    Size Of The Dwarf Planets

    The largest dwarf planet is Pluto, followed by Eris, Makemake, Haumea, and Ceres being the smallest dwarf planet. Just slightly smaller in size than Pluto, Eris is the most massive of them all.

    The order of the dwarf planets from closest to the Sun outwards is Ceres, Pluto, Haumea, Makemake, and Eris. Being the farthest, Eris is about 96.4 astronomical units from the Sunalmost 14 billion km away.

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    True Colour Image Of Pluto

    Credits: By NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute/Alex Parker – , Public Domain, Link

    Three years after NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft gave humankind our first close-up views of Pluto and its largest moon, Charon, scientists are still revealing the wonders of these incredible worlds in the outer solar system. Marking the anniversary of New Horizons’ historic flight through the Pluto system on July 14, 2015, mission scientists released the highest-resolution color images of Pluto and Charon. These natural-color images result from refined calibration of data gathered by New Horizons’ color Multi-spectral Visible Imaging Camera . The processing creates images that would approximate the colors that the human eye would perceive, bringing them closer to true color than the images released near the encounter. This image was taken as New Horizons zipped toward Pluto and its moons on July 14, 2015, from a range of 22,025 miles kilometers. This single color MVIC scan includes no data from other New Horizons imagers or instruments added. The striking features on Pluto are clearly visible, including the bright expanse of Pluto’s icy, nitrogen-and-methane rich “heart,” Sputnik Planitia.

    Dwarf Planets List In Our Solar System

    File:Dwarfplanets5.png

    According to the International Astronomical Union , there are 8 planets and 5 officially recognized dwarf planets in our solar system.

    These 8 planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Whereas 5 dwarf planets in our solar system are Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake and these 5 are officially accepted by IAU.

    There are other dwarf worlds in our solar system that has not been considered by IAU yet. These are known as near-certain, most-likely, or possible dwarf planets.

    According to an estimation, there may be more than 10,000 of the near-certain dwarf planets in our solar system. And only in the Kuiper belt region, there may be over 200 in numbers of it.

    Here is given some possible dwarf planets list in our solar system that are not officially recognized by IAU:

    Those above 7 mentioned list of dwarf planets come in the category of near-certain or most likely dwarf worlds. These are also known as minor planets .

    Here in the below picture, some dwarf planets list are added with their size.

    Dwarf planets list with increasing diameter

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    Interesting Facts About Dwarf Planets

    Here are a few interesting facts about the dwarf planets discovered in our solar system:

    Ceres loses 6kg of its mass in steam every second

    The Herschel Space Telescope observed plumes of water vapor shooting up from Ceres surface this was the first definitive observation of water vapor in the asteroid belt. This happens when portions of Ceres icy surface warm up and turn into steam.

    A day on Haumea lasts 3.9 hours

    Haumea has a unique appearance due to its rotation, which is so rapid that it compresses the planet into an egg-like shape. Its rotational speed and collisional origin also make Haumea one of the densest dwarf planets discovered to date.

    Makemake was named three years after its discovery in 2005

    Makemakes discovery close to Easter influenced both its name and nickname. Before being named after the creator of humanity and god of fertility in the mythos of the Rapa Nui , Makemake was nicknamed Easter bunny by its discoverer Mike Brown.

    Eris was once considered for the position of the 10th planet

    Eris is the most massive dwarf planet in the solar system, exceeding Plutos mass by 28%. As such, it was a serious contender to become the tenth planet but failed to meet the criteria set out by the IAU.

    Pluto is one-third ice

    The planets composition makes up two-thirds rock and one-third ice, mostly a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. One day on Pluto is 153.6 hours, approximately 6.4 Earth days, making it one of the slowest rotating dwarf planets.

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